@article {Venkadesan:2017fv,
	title = {Optimal strategies for throwing accurately},
	journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04/2017},
	pages = {170136},
	abstract = {<p>The accuracy of throwing in games and sports is governed by how errors in planning and initial conditions are propagated by the dynamics of the projectile. In the simplest setting, the projectile path is typically described by a deterministic parabolic trajectory which has the potential to amplify noisy launch conditions. By analyzing how parabolic trajectories propagate errors, we show how to devise optimal strategies for a throwing task demanding accuracy. Our calculations\&nbsp; explain observed speed-accuracy trade-offs, preferred throwing style of overarm versus underarm, and strategies for games such as dart throwing, despite having left out most biological complexities. Since our criteria for optimal performance depend on the target location, shape, and the level of uncertainty in planning, they also naturally suggest an iterative scheme to learn throwing strategies by trial-and-error.</p>
},
	keywords = {noise propagation, optimal planning, speed{\textendash}accuracy trade-off, throwing},
	doi = {10.1098/rsos.170136},
	author = {Venkadesan, Madhusudhan and Mahadevan, L}
}
